A natural question arises -- then how, in the world, can we expect that vibrational spectroscopy will provide any sensible information about the molecule? Aren't we about to be drowned in the millions and billions of vibrational frequencies observed in the spectra?!!
Fortunately, this is not the case. Different chemical units possess characteristic vibrational frequencies ("fingerprints"), often fairly independent of the rest of the structure. These are known as group frequencies...