Björkliden, Kiruna, Sweden, March 17-24, 2001

Organizing Committee:

• Leonid Kuzmin, Göteborg – Chairman
• Tord Claeson, Göteborg
• Michael Tarasov, Göteborg - Moscow
• Vladimir Gromov, Göteborg - Moscow
• Jukka Pekola, Jyväskylä
• Ann-Marie Frykestig, Göteborg

Workshop content

The main topics of the workshop/school

• Hot-Electron Microbolometers for ultrasensitive detection of IR and millimeter waves, other types of sensors
• Electron cooling by SIN tunnel junctions; the problem of hot quasiparticles in superconductors. Cryogenics
• SQUID Readout system for imaging arrays of bolometers
• Quasioptics and HF Filtering
• Astronomical tasks in submm/IR regions
• Development of a Submillimeter Cryogenic Telescope for the International Space Station (Project Submillimetron)
• Novel concept of a Scientific Space Platform; Possible international cooperation. Participation in other projects

Participants and Program

• The list of participants of the Workshop see in Appendix 1,

the program is given in Appendix 2

• http://fy.chalmers.se/~kuzmin/School2.html

• http://fy.chalmers.se/~f4agro/Submillimetron/
• http://fy.chalmers.se/~kuzmin/Submillimetron.html
• Previous workshops:
• http://fy.chalmers.se/~f4agro/workshop.htm
• http://fy.chalmers.se/~f4agro/MAR2000/

Workshop results

The Participants of the Workshop outline:

• progress in Submillimetron project concept: free-flying spacecraft design made by RSC Energia, inclusion of heterodyne instruments in the project, solution for sufficient enhancement of telescope efficiency (enlarging of cryogenic mirror diameter from 0.6 m to 1 m, combining a telescope with 3.5 m mirrors or greater on second stage of space operation);
• importance of the scientific objectives of the project, originality of its tasks which are complementary to those of ESA cornerstone projects FIRST (Herschel) and Planck;
• efficiency of the Submillimetron's sky-survey is high due to its potential to sufficiently increase precision compared to the ESA projects Planck and FIRST;
• progress in development of detectors: optical measurements of bolometers, measurements of SQUID sensitivity for readout system;
• progress in international cooperation: new scientific links with Stockholm observatory, France, Holland, Italy, Finland, inclusion of the Submillimetron in Finnish ANTARES consortium.

The recommendations of the workshop

• organize an initiative group for international cooperation development (Appendix 5);
• continue international cooperation in following fields:
• electron cooling, hot quasiparticles with Jyväskylä;
• SQUID readout with VTT, Jyväskylä, MSU, IZMIRAN in frame of INTAS project;
• double stage 3He sorption cooler with CEA - Air Liquide, Chalmers, Jyväskylä, Metorex;
• low temperature scanning laser microscopy (HEB, SIS, 300 mK NHEB) with U.Erlangen;
• astrophysics with Swedish observatories (Stockholm, Onsala, Lund etc.), Finnish observatories (ANTARES consortium, Tuorla, Helsinki, Metsähovi), Chalmers, ASC, IPFAN (N.Novgorod), TAC (Denmark);
• ground-based observations (bolometers tests) on telescopes ALMA-prototype and SMTO-Arizona (Chalmers with OSO and Lund, ASC with MPfR-Bonn and IRAM);
• balloon observations for bolometers tests with Esrange, Grenoble (CEA, Archeops) and IAS, with US in flights in North regions of Russia, with balloon group in LPI (ASC);
• improving communication and cooperation within Chalmers;
• sending the Submillimetron Project astronomy programme to all Swedish astronomers involved in space projects, observation and theory of submm-IR objects to collect their evaluations of the science aspects of the Projects, importance of scientific objects, its complementary and synergy to other decided or planned astronomical space projects;
• applying the proposals on the Submillimetron to SNSB in May, when call for ideas and call for project proposals will be distributed from SNSB;
• asking SNSB for following use of the experience and technologies developed for Swedish submillimeter satellite Odin;
• preparing to next workshop:
• scientific and technical proposals on heterodyne instrument for Submillimetron,
• technical proposals on enlargement of the main mirror (cryogenic, combined and separated versions),
• technical proposals on cryogenic system (particularly mirror cooling and screens) to issue basic data for industrial development (in Energia);
• documents with basic technical data, exploitation environments, and requirements for development of instruments for project Submillimetron on board of free-flying module of the ISS,
• technical proposals for all instruments at Submillimetron with requirements to service system of spacecraft on temperature levels and heat fluxes, telemetry and telecommunication, power, test programs, electrical connections and links,
• proposals on cooperation in instruments manufacturing;
• results of ”optical” verifications of the bolometer sensitivity in laboratory simulations of space background;
• developing in 2001 the instrument (submm-photometer) with new cryostat (0.1-0.2 K) towards demonstration tests of the bolometer in astronomical observation with ground-based and/or balloon telescopes (Chalmers);
• investigation of possibility to use a high-altitude (>30-40 km) balloon flight with 1-m telescope using Chalmers bolometer and existing LPI equipment with support of the Russian Aerostat commission (ASC);
• continue development of nonequilibrium theory of power absorption and Andreev reflection in bolometer;
• prepare printed materials for following workshops/schools supplying basic information for young scientist and newly involved participants  (scientific objectives and technical parameters of the project including details of telescope and detectors characteristics, descriptions of experimental and manufacturing procedures);
• carry out the next workshop in October 2001, Gothenburg, Sweden;
• carry out the next school in March 2002, Björkliden, Sweden.