Road Map on the Hot-Electron Bolometer

http://fy.chalmers.se/~f4agro/MAR2000/RoadMapHEB.htm

represents a part of
the SCENET Roadmap on Superconducting Bolometers and Detectors
in the scope of V European Framework program http://orchidea.maspec.bo.cnr.it/working_groups/working_group_list.html

Road Map on the Hot-Electron Bolometer
by group of Chalmers University


Purpose:             Submillimetron telescope for the ISS.
 

 Technical requirements for the bolometric detectors arrays:

Wavelengths in submillimeter band: 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.5 mm
Bandwidth: ~10% of the observing frequency
Detectors:  bolometer arrays
Number of elements in the detector arrays: 10-1000
Cooling: 0.1K
Sensitivity of the detectors in submillimeter band: 10-18 W/Hz-1/2
 

Bolometers:

High-frequency coupling,  thermal isolation:
Antenna-coupled NHEB (Normal Metal Hot-Electron Bolometer) with Andreev Mirrors for high-frequency coupling and  thermal isolation
Antenna-coupled NHEB with Capacitive Coupling and thermal isolation by tunnel junctions

Temperature sensors:

SIN junction

Zero-biased small SIN or NIN junction with resistors

Array of the junctions

Readout : Current-biased SIN junction with voltmeter

Voltage-biased  SIN junction with  dc SQUID picoamperemeter  (1 stage)
      dc SQUID femtoamperemeter (2 stage)
      (see Roadmap on SQUID femtoamperemeter)
Antenna : Double-dipole matching
  Double-dipole matching + on-chip filters

Microwave tests:

Room temperature source (BWO)
Fabri-Perot interferometer + black-body source with T modulation
Josephson spectrometer

 

Milestones:
 

1. DC sensitivity in Current-biased mode to 10-18 W/Hz-1/2

2. Voltage-biased mode with SQUID

3. Optical qualification of sensitivity in He3 cryostat: stimulator

  dipole antenna
  on-chip filters
4. Josephson spectrometer: Josephson oscillator + bolometer
5. ADR for 100 mK. The same optical experiments
 6. Development of the imaging array of bolometers + SQUIDs.
Possibly it will be coordinated with European project (Appendix 1). We are potential participants of the Network.
7. Bolometric detectors arrays. The last system includes several items (array integration, horn concentrators, low-temperature low-noise electronics) connected directly to the bolometers.

 

 Application of the imaging array of bolometers for Submillimeter Telescope of the International Space Station, Project Submillimetron.

We invite all interested collaborators for discussion and participation in this programme.

Appendix 1.

  Cooperation with  European research groups in scope of the ESF Network “Superconducting Detector Technology for Imaging Arrays”

  1. Sweden, Chalmers University, (Leonid Kuzmin – applicant, contact person).  Submillimeter bolometer arrays
  2. Germany,  Institute of Space Sensor technology and Planetary Exploration , Berlin (Heinz-Wilhelm Hubers - applicant, Alexei Semenov). Superconducting Quantum detectors; IPTH Jena, (Hans-Georg Meyer), SQUID readout systems
  3. Netherlands.   SRON, Utrecht (Piet de Korte - applicant), Imaging arrays of TES-based X-ray spectrometers for XEUS
  4. United Kingdom. Leicester University, Astro Space Center (Andrew Holland), Imaging X-ray detectors based on TES technology; UKATC, Royal Observatory (William Duncan), Bolometer arrays for SCUBA
  5. Finland. University of Jyvaskyla, (Jukka Pekola); TES sensors for IR and X-ray; Metorex, (Heikki Sipilä), TES sensors for IR and X-ray; VTT, Helsinki (Heikki Seppa), SQUID readout system based on frequency domain  multiplexing.
  6.  Italy, CNR-Instituto di Cibernetica, Naples (Roberto Christiano), STJ-detectors for X-ray imaging
  7.  France, CEA, Grenoble (Lionel Duband), AIR LIQUIDE, Cryorefrigerators ; Grenoble (Alain Ravex), Cryorefrigerators ; CNRS, Toulouse (Martin Giard). Bolometer arrays for balloon experiments
  8. Denmark, DTU, Lyngby, (Jesper Mygind), Cryogenic measurements of  superconducting detectors
  9. Norway, Oslo University,  (Dragos-Victor Anghel Department of Physics. Theory of sensors with SIN tunnel junctions
  10. Estonia, Institute of Physics, Tartu, Ants Löhmus, Cryorefrigerators
  11. Switzerland, Paul Scherrer Institute, VILLIGEN, (Philippe Lerch). Imaging arrays of STJ based X-ray spectrometers.