Timeline Modern Physics
(Se also timeline of particles discovered
and Particle
Physics timeline from CPEP
- ??? Thomas Young
- Double slit experiment
- 1885 J J Balmer
-
m,n =
3.289 (1/4 - 1/m2) PHz
- 1887 Albert Michelson , Edward Morley
- Speed of light independent of the velocity of the observer
- 1892 George Francis Fitzgerald
- FitzGerald contraction
- 1893 Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
- Lorentz transformation
- 1897 J. J Thomson
- Discovery of the electron:
- Negatively charged particles (electrons) can be extracted from atoms
- i.e. atoms are not indivisible.
- 1900 Max Planck :
- Statistical mechanics, "black-body radiation",
"light quanta" "radiant energy can exist only in the form of discrete packages"
- 1905 Albert Einstein
-
- Light Quanta, E=hf, applied to explain Photoelectric Effect
- Brownian motion explained
- Special Theory of Relativity
- 1911 Ernest Rutherford
- Discovery of the nucleus:
-
particles on a gold foil -
- 1913 Niels Bohr
- Quantization rules for the mechanical energy of electron in an atom
- 1914 James Chadwick
-
particles emitted from a nucleus do not
have well-defined energies.
- 1915 Albert Einstein
- General theory of relativity
- (Confirmed in solar eclipse
29 May 1919)
- Wolfgang Pauli
- Neutrinos to explain spectrum
- "can never be observed" (were observed in 1955 Reines and Cowan)
- Arnold Sommerfeld
- Elliptical Orbits
- 1923 Arthur Compton
- Collisions of a light quantum (X-ray) with an electron at "rest" in an
atom, giving scattered light (with linger wavelength) and a recoil
electron
- 1921 Otto Stern, Walter Gerlach
- Discovery of the electron spin
- 1924 Louis de Broglie
- Electron accompanied by "pilot wave",
=h/p
- Bohr Orbits - integral number of pilot waves (Pepparkaksmodellen)
- 1924 Niels Bohr, H.A: Kramers, John Slater
- First concept of
probability waves
- 1925 Wolfgang Pauli
- Exclusion principle
- 1925 Werner Heisenberg
- matrix mechanics
- 1926 Erwin Schrödinger
- wave equation
- shows equivalence
between matrix and wave mechanics (?)
- 1926 Max Born
- Probability interpretation of quantum mechanics
- 1927 Niels Bohr
- Complementarity
- 1927 Clinton Davisson, Lester Germer
- electron diffraction - showing the existence of matter waves.
- (Davisson-Germer experiment)
- 1927 Werner Heisenberg
- Uncertainty relation
- 1927 Niels Bohr et al.
- Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
- 1928 P A M Dirac
- "Relativistic Wave Equation" Prediction of antimatter
- 1932 Chadwick
- Discovery of the Neutron
- 1932 Carl Andersson
- Discovery of the positron
- 1932 John von Neumann
- Quantum logic
- 1935 Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, Nathan Rosen
- EPR Einstein - Podolsky - Rosen paradoxen
- 1935 Hideki Yukawa
- Predicts meson
- 1947
- meson discovered
- 1949 Richard Reynman
- Feynman diagrams
- 1957 Everett et al
- many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics
- 1962
- Quasar discovery
- 1964
- Quark hypothesis
- 1964 John. S Bell
- Bell's inequality
- 1982 Alain Aspect
- EPR experiment