Biomaterials and Biological Physics at Surfaces (4 p, lp 3-4, 2001)

Institutionen för Tillämpad Fysik

Fredrik Höök: 7723464, kursledare, fredrik@fy.chalmers.se

Bengt Kasemo: 7723370, examinator, kasemo@fy.chalmers.se

Introduction meeting, 15 of January at 1500 in FL13.

This course introduces the students to the rapidly developing scientific field dealing with interfaces between solid surfaces and biological systems, and in which the name Biological Surface Science has been coined. The field comprises both purely Biological Physics, Material Science and Biochemistry aspects.

An important practical example is the interactions that occur between biological tissue and materials used as medical implants, so called biomaterials, (such as contact lenses, artificial blood vessels, dental implants, etc.) and medical equipment (such as blood dialysis machines). The course will present the physics and introduce the biochemistry that underlie the sequential reactions occurring at the interface between the tissue and the implant material. The sequence of events and their outcome are vital in determining if the body will accept the material (implant).

The same fundamental principles are also important for various biosensors, many of which based on the interaction between biological samples and solid surfaces. The common principle of biosensors is to convert a biochemical reaction, such as for example the recognition of bacteria or viruses within the body, to an electrically detectable signal. Varieties of biosensor principles are presented during the course, as well as during the practical laboratory exercises. A final important aspect of solid surfaces that will be included in the course is biofouling, which is important in for example food industry or marine environments.

The course offers insights into theoretical and practical challenges of both scientific and industrial relevance. We also demonstrate how synergetic effects can be achieved by interdisciplinary work and close collaboration between the university and the industry. We combine lectures with practical laboratory exercises. They include both an understanding of the physical principles of (bio)molecules and (bio)molecule adhesion to solid surfaces, and introduces you to a set of techniques to study the phenomena. The practical part includes laboratory exercises, which illustrate the function of some biomolecules, characterization of solid surfaces, as well as different methods to study the interaction between solid surfaces and biomolecules.

In the later stage of the course invited lecturers will demonstrate some practical situations in which knowledge of biomolecule and surface interactions is of primary importance, such as for dental- and bone implants, marine biofouling and biosensor applications. These lectures also demonstrate the close link between science and the industry.

The course is concluded by work on individual projects that falls within the scope of the course, and penetrates in some detail into this topic by studying relevant literature. The project should be presented both in written and oral form, which together constitute the exam of the course.

Schedule

SCHEDULE, Biological Physics at Surfaces, FKA 125, Lp III-IV 2001

Tutorial Lectures

0. Lv 1:1h

m.15/1;rFL13 kl 1500

First meeting to set schedule and present the aim of the course.

1. Lv 1:2h

f.19/1;A820 kl 1300

Interaction Energies & Biomolecules (Energies, DNA & Proteins)

Fredrik Höök

2. Lv 2:2h

m.22/1; F6217 kl 1000

Structure and Function of Biomolecules (Proteins & Membranes)

3. Lv 2:2h

t.25/1; F6217 kl 1000

Summary of lecture 1 & 2 for those that could not attend 1 & 2.

4a. Lv 3:2h

m.29/1; F6217 kl 1000

Biology at Surfaces and Interfaces

Bengt Kasemo

4b. Lv 3:2h

t.1/2; FA820 kl 1000

Project Discussion

5. Lv 4:2h

m.5/2; F6217 kl 1000

Surface Characterization / mm-nm fabrication / optical spectroscopy (Lab I & II)

Duncan Sutherland

6. Lv 4:2h

t.8/2; F6217 kl 1000

Protein and Liposome Adsorption (Lab I & II)

7. Lv 5:2h

m.12/2; F6217 kl 1000

Surface-Based Biomolecule Sensor Systems (Lab III)

8. Lv 5:1h

t.15/2; A820 kl 1000

Summary of laboratory exercises

FH, ER, LO and CL

Research and Industry Seminars

9. Lv 6:1h

m.19/2; F6217 kl 1000

ESCA and FTIR as surface analytical tools

Erik Fridell

10. Lv6:1h

m.19/2; F6217 kl 1100

Bioelectronics

Owe Orwar

11. Lv 6:1h

t.22/2; F6217 kl 1000

Tissue Engineering

Julie Gold

12. Lv 6:1h

t.22/2; F6217 kl 1100

Optical Spectroscopy of Biomolecules and nm-sized metal particles

Mikael Käll

13. Lv 7:2h

m.26/2; F6217 kl 1000

Artifical Photosynthesis

Carl Hägglund

Project Preparation and Presentation

14. Lv 5:1h

f. 15/2; A820 kl 1100

Project Discussion

15. Lv 7-X:

Individual Project Discussions

16. Lv X:

Project Presentation

Laboratory Exercises

Lab I

Lv 4

-Construction of colloidal gold / optical spectroscopy (2h)

Lab II

Lv 4-5

-AFM/SEM characterization of prepared colloidal gold samples (2h)

-Protein adsorption on colloidal gold / optical spectroscopy (2h)

Lab III

Lv 5-6

-QCM-based biosensor measurements / advanced surface preparations (4h)

*

Tutorial Lectures

Lecture 1:

Interaction Energies & Biomolecules (Energies, DNA & Proteins) Fredrik Höök (2´45 min).

Literature:

-The Forces Between Atoms and Molecules, J. Israelachvili in Intermolecular Interactions

-The Cell: Chapter I (p4 to 10) and II (p41-62, p71-81)

Lecture 2:

Structure and Function of Biomolecules (Proteins & Membranes). Fredrik Höök (2´45 min)

Literature:

-The Cell: Chapter III

-Biomembranes, Chapter I and II

Lecture 3:

Biology at Interfaces and Surfaces. Bengt Kasemo (2´45 min)

Literature:

-Biological Surface Science, Bengt Kasemo

-När ytor närmar sig varandra, Bengt Kasemo

Lecture 4:

Surface Characterization / mm-nm fabrication. Duncan Sutherland (2´45 min)

Literature:

-Biomaterials Science: An Interdisciplinary Endeavor, B. Rattner, in Biomaterial Science

-Surfaces in Biology and Biomaterials: Description and Characterization, B. Rattner and S. Porter

Lecture 5:

Protein and Liposome Adsorption. Fredrik Höök (2´45 min)

Literature:

Lecture 6:

Surface-Based Biomolecule Sensor Systems. Fredrik Höök (2´45 min)

Literature:

Schedule for Laboratory Exercises

Lv 4

Kl	8-12	13-17	15-19
Mån 5/2
Tis
Ons	Lab I: JD, JO, JS, RB, CL	Lab I: MW, PG, JU, TJ, SJ
Tors		Lab I: HB, HA CW, JW, IN
Fre		Lab I: JA, JK, TR, EH

Lv 5

Kl	8-12	13-17	15-19
Mån 12/2
Tis		Lab II: MW, JU, JO, JK
Ons	Lab II: RB, CL, SJ, JD, EH
Tors		Lab II: HB, HA, JW, CW, IN,
Fre		Lab II: TJ, PG, JA, TR, JS